By Mehmet Enes Beşer As ASEAN countries race along their pursuit of cleaner, diversified energy systems, biofuels are a politically appealing, domestically sourced answer to rampant fossil fuel prices and greenhouse gas emissions. From Indonesia’s massive palm oil plantations to Thailand’s cassava fields that churn out ethanol, the region is blessed with biomass resources theoretically suitable for conversion into renewable ...
After months of negotiations, the United States and the European Union have come to an agreement both regarding trade and investment policies as well as strategic relations. ● Tariffs & Trade Barriers ● Strategic Commitments ● Non-Tariff Cooperation & Economic Security The U.S. had threatened up to 30% tariffs on EU imports; settling at 15% was seen as a compromise ...
By Mehmet Enes Beşer The race in clean energy technology between the United States and China is gathering pace—and increasingly it’s being fueled by an avalanche of subsidies. With billions flowing in from both sides on batteries, hydrogen, electric cars, and solar panels, the world is witnessing a new age of industrial policy—albeit not about guns or oil but windmills, ...
Once again, circumstances require a broader view of international conflicts. It seems reductionist to me to limit the recent events in West Asia to the idea of a bilateral conflict between Israel and Iran. What is happening has implications that go far beyond a simple confrontation between two countries, no matter how brutal the war may be. In reality, what ...
By Halil Özsaraç, (Ret.) Turkish Staff Navy Captain In my previous article, I explained that inland trade routes could be useful only when connected to the sea. Otherwise, thousands of kilometers of land corridors linked end to end would fall short of being profitable trade routes. For this reason, I opposed our Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure becoming a “strategic ...
United World International expert, Political Scientist Onur Sinan Güzaltan held a conference at Voronezh Technical University in Russia on the geopolitical evaluation of Türkiye-Russia relations in scope of “Russian Summer Festival”. We are sharing the English translation of the shortened and important points of Güzaltan’s speech at the conference with our valued readers. Türkiye and Russia are two big countries ...
By Halil Özsaraç, (Ret.) Turkish Staff Navy Captain In the first article, I addressed the founding and development story of the “Three Seas Initiative” an imperialist project in which Türkiye was accepted as a “strategic partner”. At this point, it’s worth opening a parenthesis: the “Three Seas” that symbolize the Initiative, namely the Baltic, Black, and Adriatic Seas, have effectively ...
By Halil Özsaraç, (Ret.) Turkish Staff Navy Captain On April 29, 2025, Türkiye’s Minister of Transport and Infrastructure announced that Türkiye had become a “strategic partner” of the Three Seas Initiative. The Three Seas Initiative is an alliance established a decade ago in the region spanning the Baltic, Black, and Adriatic Seas in Central and Eastern Europe. The Initiative includes ...
By Mehmet Enes Beşer The second term of President Donald Trump signals the dawn of a new era in US-Japan relations, with opportunities and challenges. Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba’s government has the daunting task of reconciling security commitments with economic interests, while adjusting to meet the evolving Indo-Pacific dynamics. Security Cooperation: Deepening the Alliance The US-Japan alliance has long been ...
by Dure Akram, Lahore / Pakistan In recent weeks, Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif of Pakistan has stepped into the spotlight with his strategic outreach to Central Asian nations, seeking to fortify economic ties and elevate Pakistan’s standing within a dynamic regional trade framework. His visit to Baku—which resulted in several key agreements in trade and energy—marks a significant pivot in ...
By Masoud Sadrmohammadi Masoud Pezeshkian, the President of Iran, and Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia, signed the “Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation” on January 17, 2025, marking the beginning of a new era in Iran-Russia relations. Despite its historical and strategic significance, the treaty did not receive the attention it ...
By Gökalp Erbaş The governments of both Moldova and Transnistria declared a state of emergency last December, initially for one month. Ukraine’s decision not to renew transit agreements for Russian gas for 2025 and Gazprom’s suspension of gas supplies to Moldova due to unpaid debts prompted both governments to take measures against a possible energy crisis. As expected, Ukraine cut ...