By Sergio Rodríguez Gelfenstein When the Liberator Simón Bolívar arrived in Peru on September 1, 1823, he found himself in a very complicated scenario. There were strong contradictions between José de la Riva-Agüero and the Marquis of Torre Tagle. The country had two presidents, two governments and two Congresses. In Colombia, although the situation was better, there were also difficulties ...
“We will not make the great future we are looking for, If we do not know the great past we had.” Commandante Hugo Chávez January 15, 2006 By Sergio Rodriguez Gelfenstein A few weeks ago, I listened to a press conference and an interview with Jorge Rodríguez. In both news events, the president of the National Assembly of Venezuela explained ...
By Sergio Rodriguez Gelfenstein In 2015, Yemen, a country unknown to many in the West, began a war in defense of its sovereignty that was being threatened by an interventionist alliance led by Saudi Arabia. The Yemeni people had to pay with the lives of almost 400,000 of their children to maintain their independence. Many people have wondered how it ...
In 1798, the French, under the leadership of Napoléon Bonaparte, invaded the Ottoman province of Egypt. That same year, the British defeated the French navy at the Battle of Abukir. Nevertheless, the French retained a presence in Egypt until 1801, when they were forced out of the territory by joint British Ottoman forces. In 1799, Napoléon led an expedition into ...
Earthquakes are a reality of Türkiye, the world and nature, and unfortunately we, the Turkish people have to face this reality very often. While the devastating and painful consequences of the February 6 earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş are still very fresh, while it is still unknown whether the debris removal works and if it will make us prepared for a ...
As the last Islamic empire, the Ottoman State respected all minor ethnic and religious denominations throughout history. Unlike, other Muslims empires, Ottoman rulers developed greater understanding for non-Muslims (dhimmi) societies within the same territories. Religious tolerance towards minority groups can be traced back to cultural and traditional rules in Asia Minor before the Ottoman period, during Seljuk era in Anatolia. ...
February 2, marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet Union (USSR) in the Battle of Stalingrad. This event marked the beginning of the end of the German attempt to build the Third Reich and the starting point for the final defeat of Nazism during World War II (Great Patriotic War for the Soviet Union). It has been ...
By Sergio Rodriguez Gelfenstein * The Peruvian political class has always possessed an intrinsic duplicity that characterizes and shapes it. Betrayal is in their genes since long gone times. The felony that is still part of their daily existence started already at the time of the conquest and colonization. Francisco de Pizarro, the one who betrayed Atahualpa, was in turn ...
By Omar Hassaan Fariñas* The Congress of Vienna was undoubtedly one of the most important diplomatic processes in the history of international relations. After the overthrow of the French Emperor in Leipzig in 1813 and finally in Paris in March 1814, the “four great powers” (England, Prussia, Russia and Austria) negotiated with Bourbon France the future of the European continent ...